High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People
In the context of the preparation of the new global framework for biodiversity, the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People (HAC N&P), co-chaired by France and Costa Rica, and by the United Kingdom as Ocean co-chair, was launched in September 2021 during the One Planet Summit on Biodiversity. Its goal was to advocate for the world to adopt, in the new Global Biodiversity Framework, the science-based 30×30 target, which aims to conserve and manage effectively at least 30% of the land and 30% of ocean globally by 2030. Currently,17% of land and 8% of marine areas are under protection worldwide.
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COP 15: a historic agreement for biodiversity
On December 19th, 2022, after 4 years of intense discussions and more than 10 days of negotiations, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) was adopted during the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) in Montreal. The 196 member States of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) have committed themselves to achieving 4 goals and 23 action targets by 2030. The effective conservation and management of at least 30% of the world’s land, coastal areas and oceans (Target 3), the restoration of 30% of terrestrial and marine ecosystems (Target 2), stopping the human induced extinction of threatened species (Target 4), mobilizing at least $200 billion per year from public and private sources for biodiversity-related funding (Target 19) are among the key targets for conservation of this landmark agreement.
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Levers of action through NBSAPs
The implementation of the Kunming Montreal GBF will require countries to develop national biodiversity and action plans (NBSAPs), mainstream biodiversity (Target 14), and take concrete action to deliver results. In France, the National Biodiversity Strategy 2030, to be published in autumn, reflects France’s commitment to the KM-GBF. Covering the years 2022 to 2030, it aims to reduce pressures on biodiversity, protect and restore ecosystems, and bring about far-reaching changes to reverse the decline in biodiversity.

30×30, a key target to deliver on KM-GBF ambition
Confirmed as a successful coalition at COP15, the HAC for Nature and People, now bringing together 117 countries (as of August 2023), is focusing on providing support to its members to implement and achieve the 30×30 Target.
The HAC will act around four key areas:
1) Strengthening political mobilization,
2) Providing support for capacity building,
3) Matchmaking technical assistance
4) Financial matchmaking.

The Global Biodiversity Framework Fund, a major financial opportunity
Approved by the Global Environment facility’s board on June 29th, the Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF) will provide support for the implementation of the KM-GBF. This new financial mechanism will be an opportunity for countries and their partners to receive funding from all sources and to quickly disburse them through streamlined procedures.
It will also provide an enhanced access for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs).
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Towards innovative protected areas models
Ambitious conservation targets have now been set for the 2020-2030 decade. Protected areas and conserved areas are identified as essential tools to prevent biodiversity loss and will have to be expanded in more densely populated areas in order to meet KM-GBF Target 3. In such a context, designing and managing these new protected areas in harmony with the human societies that inhabit them, ensuring equitably governed systems, recognizing indigenous and traditional territories, while protecting their biodiversity integrity and the ecosystems functions and services they provide, will be a key success factor. Exchanging best practices and sharing experience between countries can help accelerate the achievement of these objectives, and encourage the development of innovative protected area models in the spirit of the newly adopted KM-GBF.